REVIEW TEXT BOOK

TITLE: MATHEMATICS FORM 4

AUTHORS: LIM SWEE HOCK

KOO SENG HER

CHONG GEOK CHUAN
DR PUMADEVI
SAMADI BIN HASHIM

EDITORS: YOW YOON LI
YEW CHIAN-HAUO

In our education system, teaching and learning process basically rely on the textbook that are guided by the ministry of education. The text books are important to ensure the learning outcomes are successfully achieved by the students and the teachers. How to proof that is the text book are really relevant nowadays in school. In this case, we choose one of the text books (stated above) and analyze in several aspect such as an organization, content and physical aspect.

Firstly we have to discuss the organization in this text book. The table of the contents is well-arrange and user friendly to the students. It is not complicated and it stated the title of the topic and subtopic also the page. The glossary is very effective and fascinating and also orderly by alphabet. The explanation in the glossary is short and complete. In addition, for further information, we can use an index as guided. In one page, the index has covered the entire topic.

We can identify the weakness of organization this book. Obviously, the content layouts are not uniformly appearance throughout the book as well as within in each chapter. For example, some colored but some not and it just use one color that is blue. It does not attractive the students. The references of this book are not relevant anymore. In this millennium era, the book that publish in 1955 are not up to date. Statistically, six of the fourteen books that are referred was publish before 1980. That is mean 42.86% of reference are not really applicable.

This book has a good approach by make an introduction in each chapter. An introduction started with the relationship between the lesson and daily life. For instance, the career that related with the statistic. The chapter summary is presented in form of concept map which not only gives students an overview of the whole chapter but also acts as a quick revision guide. Besides, the checklists that are given help the students to assess what they have learnt. All the pages numbered in a sequence to ensure that the students are not confusing when use it.

Second aspect that we have to discuss is the content of the book. The curriculums in our education system are standardized and the content of the text book should be achieving the standard either in local or national. The content of this book achieve the standard because it is used by all the form 4 students (at WP Putrajaya area) in school. We could not deny that the contents are accurate and up-to-date. The examples are given with the explanation in step by step to ensure the students get better understanding. The author tried to help the student in order to achieve what is meant to be delivered. Additionally, this book used appropriate language to all students and it is explain clearly without grammatically error.

To enhance the student’s skills, there are including the skills practice in each of subtopic. Summative exercises are given under skills review to consolidate understanding and application of concept of learns. There are also have the enrichment activity seeks to expand students’ learning experiences by training the student to use ICT in mathematics, to carry out group projects, and to solve non routine problem. The smart tips are given to enhance the understanding of the students. It emphasizes the point that students should be aware with. The answers are provided for each question and it will help the students a lot. This book has potential to be used in several years because the contents are consistent in our curriculum.

Without notice, the way the contents are represent are based on Bloom’s taxonomy. In beginning of the chapter, it gives the basic knowledge, then test the comprehension by do the question. To persuade the critical thinking of the students, the students are provided with the problematic question. In Bloom’s taxonomy, this stage is approaching the analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Based on it, this book shows that the authors try to change the way of teaching so that the lesson are more effectively and efficiently.

Third aspect that we have to discuss is physical aspect. Generally , the book is applicable to the students because the size and the weight are relevant to bring it. Besides, this book is using high quality of paper, and also cover durable plus shipshape of the binding. There are several weaknesses in term of physical aspect. Firstly, the page layout too crowded with the information even though it is useful. The students who are slow learner might be not interested with this book. Then, there are no spaces between lines to line so that the students will be bored. For example, in answers sheet, it make student confuse to find out the answer because there no spacing between it. Secondly, the formats of font are not really attractive although some part will be bold to distinguish it. The pattern of font is static, just in index the book use the italic font. Then, the fonts are not colored. As we know, the color will stimulate the brain to think. So, if many pages of the book in white and black color, it does not encourage the performance of the student.

Normally, the weakness will covered by the strength. This book also has strength so that it could be the text book in the school. The illustration and figures are related to the lesson. It has their own purpose to paste the picture and relevant to the students. The graph will draw accurately in graph paper. This is will help the effect of the lesson reach the maximum level.

In conclusion, overall this book is good in terms of the content but have to improve some part such as the physical aspect and organization. The editor should be aware of the weakness so that this book would be the best book as reference. In personal view, this book is good for the teachers and the students because we do not need the other book as reference.

LeSsOn 4

CReAtINg A BaNner FOr BloG

1. Using the skills we have learned earlier on cropping, layer effect and reporting, students will now create a banner size of 750 x 200 pixels.

2. Save the banner 'save as web'. Automatically it will be saved under gif file.

3. Go to your blog and sign in.4. Click on setting. Click edit below the navigation bar.

5. Insert picture that you have saved.

6. Key in the title.

7. Tick the box written as ' instead of .....'

.8. save and preview, and publish.

9. Well done. You have got a banner for your blog.

LeSsOn 3

aDoBe

PhOtoShOP?????

HOw tO uSE it??

edit the picture......

Lesson 1:

1. Editing a photo for printing.

2. Using precise measurements to crop and resize a photO
3. Create a border for a photo with different thickness and colours.

4. Create an effect for the border using drop shadow and filter.
5. Using layers to create a school club report.

Keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl A - select all which includes the canvas

Ctrl C - copy the selection area

Crtl V - paste

Ctrl D - unselect action

Ctrl Z - undo

Ctrl+ - zoom in

Ctrl- -zoom out

Editing photo for printing

Image size

1. Open a photo from file.

2. Click View – Rulers (right click on the ruler to change into inches)

3. The image depends on the types of digital camera. Normal size is 10-12 inches.

4. The size is too big for normal printing.

5. There are two ways of editing image size for a photo:a) go to Help menu-resize image-print size-4 inches by 3 inches- resolution by 150-OKb) go to Image menu-image size- change width to 4 inches and height 3 inches or any size
that you want.

6. Save image as jpeg in a new folder (name it as edited pictures) in the desktop.

Cutting or cropping

1. Open a picture.

2. Click on the Crop tool (C)

3. Drag a rectangle beginning at the top of the photo from the left edge

.4. Do not release the mouse button until the whole area is selected.Once selection is made, release the mouse button.Click enter key.Photo is now ready to be saved as jpeg.

LeSsOn 2

Instructional Systems Design (ISD) Models that are what DSchneider calls instructional design methods, i.e. “ systematic guidelines instructional designers follow in order to create a workshop, a course, a curriculum, an instructional program, or a training session” (McGriff, 2001). Typically, ISD models adopt a behaviorist/cognitivist stance.

Components of ISD

Objectives
Focus on constructivist learning environment? (knowledge construction, multiple representations, real life application).

Methods
How to use materials (individuals/cooperative, branched or linear presentation).

Media
Traditional or e-media. What is the computer software to support?

People
Students, adults?

Environment
Classroom, industrial training?

Donald Clark states the reasons of ISD

Simply stated, this process provides a means for sound decision making to determine the who,
what, when, where, why, and how of training. The concept of a system approach to training is
based on obtaining an overall view of the training process. It is characterized by an orderly
process for gathering and analyzing collective and individual performance requirements, and by
the ability to respond to identified training needs. The application of a systems approach to
training insures that training programs and the required support materials are continually
developed in an effective and efficient manner to match the variety of needs in an ever rapidly
changing environment.

LeSsOn 1

MY NOTES FOR LESSON 1

theory - that can explains and predict the behavior

model- the illustration that helps you to understand that we cannot see directly

Learning Theory- Learning theory is a critical issue in theories of psychology because so much of human behavior is dependent upon it. No area of psychology has been studied as systematically and as thoroughly as learning (Runyon, 1977, 196)

Types of Learning Theories

BEHAVIORISM

Definition-Behaviorism is a theory of animal and human learning that only focuses on objectivelyobservable behaviors and discounts mental activities. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior.

How Behaviorism Impacts Learning

This theory is relatively simple to understand because it relies only on observable behavior and describes several universal laws of behavior. Its positive and negative reinforcement techniques can be very effective--both in animals, and in treatments for human disorders such as autism and antisocial behavior. Behaviorism often is used by teachers, who reward or punish student behaviors.

COGNITIVISM

Definition - This learning theory is based on the structure and function of the brain. As long as the brain is not prohibited from fulfilling its normal processes, learning will occur.

How Brain-Based Learning Impacts Education

Curriculum--

Teachers must design learning around student interests and make learning contextual.

Instruction--

Educators let students learn in teams and use peripheral learning. Teachers structure learning around real problems, encouraging students to also learn in settings outside the classroom and the school building.

Assessment--

Since all students are learning, their assessment should allow them to understand their own learning styles and preferences. This way, students monitor and enhance their own learning process.

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Definition- Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in.

How Constructivism Impacts Learning

Curriculum--

Constructivism calls for the elimination of a standardized curriculum. Instead, it promotes using curricula customized to the students' prior knowledge. Also, it emphasizes hands-on problem solving.

Instruction--

Under the theory of constructivism, educators focus on making connections between facts and fostering new understanding in students. Instructors tailor their teaching strategies to student responses and encourage students to analyze, interpret, and predict information. Teachers also rely heavily on open-ended questions and promote extensive dialogue among students.

Assessment--

Constructivism calls for the elimination of grades and standardized testing. Instead, assessment becomes part of the learning process so that students play a larger role in judging their own progress.

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODELS(ID)

In the ADDIE model, each step has an outcome that feeds into the subsequent step.

Analysis > Design > Development > Implementation > Evaluation

Analysis Phase
In the analysis phase, instructional problem is clarified, the instructional goals and objectives are established and the learning environment and learner's existing knowledge and skills are identified

Design Phase
The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection. The design phase should be systematic and specific. Systematic means a logical, orderly method of identifying, developing and evaluating a set of planned strategies targeted for attaining the project's goals. Specific means each element of the instructional design plan needs to be executed with attention to details.

Development Phase
The development phase is where the developers create and assemble the content assets that were created in the design phase. Programmers work to develop and/or integrate technologies. Testers perform debugging procedures. The project is reviewed and revised according to any feedback given.

Implementation Phase
During the implementation phase, a procedure for training the facilitators and the learners is developed. The facilitators' training should cover the course curriculum, learning outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures. Preparation of the learners include training them on new tools (software or hardware), student registration.

Evaluation Phase
The evaluation phase consists of two parts: formative and summative. Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process. Summative evaluation consists of tests designed for domain specific criterion-related referenced items and providing opportunities for feedback from the users.

interesting...

I thought this class will be bored but my lecturer make it so easy..i think, she's very concerned about her student..